"Once a weapon strikes home"

But then, both Tolkien and Leiber describe combat in a much more realistic manner than the typical DnD narrative. Once a weapon strikes home, the fight is usually over, or at least nearly so. So the fit is far from perfect.

-Jesper Anderson

Initial Encounters for Releplaying Campaigns

Brainstorming initial encounters for role-playing sessions. Specifically, the first session of a campaign, where everyone is still new to their characters, and their characters still new to each other. How to get characters to trust and cooperate with each other. Ideally, it also provides a common purpose. Intent is to get storylines usable at cons, where people are never going to play together again, so the campaign is just a one-shot.

My friends and I read LotR, David Eddings, & Shannara, so we whole 'Wizard Guide' meme a great deal. (Wizard Guides having the virtue of being tough to kill, in case the PC's decide to murder the 'quest-giver'.)

A sub-type of this would be a having a quest-giver offer a 'job' to the PCs. Depending on PC alignment, this might be to rob, beat, kill or otherwise waylay an NPC. It might also be to recover something. Characters unknown to one another are brought in to pull an 'Italian Job".

Another option would be the 'Fight!" setup, where one character is attacked, and the others come to their aid. Having an NPC be attacked also works. Works well in a tavern.

Dropping a map on the floor, or having the characters recover a map (from a dying or unconcious NPC) is another common start. Can work in a tavern, but does not supply party cohesion--characters may fight over the map. Having an NPC steal the map might work.

"In Jail" is excellent; the players have a common purpose (to escape), and no other explanation of their gathering is required. Pivots into dungeoneering.

"Guards", where the PC's have all been hired as watch-members, body-guards, or caravan guards. Moves PC's out of starting location, and into a common threatening context.

"The Hangover", where the PC's don't know each other, but wake up (amnesiac) and find themselves married, Wanted, or hunted.

On DnD and the two sides of escapism:

The article

"Of particular note is the average time a person dedicates to their favorite activity being approximately between 8 to 10 hours a week. Each activity has "affordances" like socialization, competition, intellectual stimulation, etc. "

Stenseng divides the enjoyment of these affordances into a Two-Dimensional Model of Escapism, which identifies nine factors that can affect an individual positively or negatively: 

1) clear goals2) concentrating and focusing3) loss of the feeling of self-consciousness4) distorted sense of time5) direct and immediate feedback6) balance between ability level and challenges7) a sense of control8) intrinsically rewarding9) general immersion in the activity

 So, I would put the postulate that these nine factors do a pretty good job in defining if you have a good roleplaying session or not. While #1 can be argued (some people just like Mayhem) it is always more satisfying if that mayhem takes place in a narrative arc. #2 requires a lack of distraction--no one is vanishing into their phones, or lost in books looking up rules. #3 requires a willingness to get into character, and get ridiculous. (This may be what divides table-top from 95% of MMORPG). #4...who hasn't lost hours? #5: Roleplay is beautiful in this regard; narrative makes it possible compress the time between consequence and effect. #6: Much effort is not by accident expended on matching player ability and monstor difficulty; #7 No game is fun when the DM takes over your character, or when a player takes an action that is out of character (for meta-game reasons). #8) It's a game, and so the play of it has to be intrinsically rewarding. The most successful games are going to be those which are rewarding to the largest number of people...because then people who respond to a larger variety of motivations will play your game, together. #9) ...is for spouses and girlfriends, who come and don't play, or who come and chat, and disrupt. They want to hang out, but that ruins the immersive experience of play.

Failures of D20

Matt Miller 

Part of what makes the D20 work is the variable DC. Yet, the use of DC increments on 5 (such as for the falling tables) suggests that d20 is excessively granular.

Rob Hicks 

The d20 system, as I saw it, was a way of doing a percentile in 5% increments. It makes it easy from a game design perspective to understand how much of a bonus you are giving across the board.

 Matt Miller 

That is one of the great virtues of d20: A +1 is a +1. But a +1 just isn't a big enough deal. Our minds can't grasp changes in probability that smaller (Our minds max out at about a 10:1 ratio). So get an effect we can intuit as significant, DnD requires math; it requires 'picking up the pennies' of +1 bonuses to get a significant effect. +1 on a d10 works, +1 on a d12 might also.

Rob Hicks

[D20] has too much variance. You need two to four categories of variance. Either "success vs failure," or "success vs failure with critical success and critical failure". The d20 added too much variation on that, which led to a system that was more crunch than flavor.

Matt Miller

You can lower the variance on a d20 by using multiple dice. DnD originally used 2d6, some games use 3d6, FATE uses 4dF. All generate bell-curves that make the outliers possible but uncommon. (As 7 is the most common in Settlers). But for counted variance, the range matters. 2d6 provides 2-12, 3d6 3-18, Fate -4 to +4.  

Matt Miller

Using -4 to +4 provides a range of 9, and that may simply be enough. OD&D abbreviated into -1,0,+1, and 3e made it into -5 to +5. But there is a difference between possible outcomes from the dice, and possible outcomes for attributes. For the former, so large a range may not be necessary. But for the latter, a larger range is required...

What makes a good RPG?

Tiffany Gray

September 14, 2015

What makes a good RPG?

Tommy Brownell 

Fun.I know that sounds like a flippant answer, but it's not. The tagline for my blog is "The Proof is in the Fun". I can point out things I SEVERELY dislike about my two favorite RPGs (Marvel SAGA and Savage Worlds), but I have more fun with them than any other games I've ever played or ran.That said, a certain amount of clarity in the writing and professionalism in the editing goes a very long way. Discussing things like Rules Lite vs Rules Heavy is a fool's game, because of varying preferences and tastes.

Tiffany Gray 

I am looking for something more complex too Tommy. The rules argument is pardon the pun played out.

Stephanie McAlea 

The setting. A good rpg is all about the fluff. You can swap out the rules but keep the setting but do it the other way around its just hollow text in my view.

Tiffany Gray 

Is that true? There are lovers of Savage Worlds and even some people like GURPS smile emoticon

Stephanie McAlea 

But without a setting attached, what are they?

Tommy Brownell 

Toolkits. For all the folks that devour every new Deadlands release, you have another guy that just wants the rulebook and companions so they can kitbash something together.

Derek Stoelting 

Inspiration. What does the product do to inspire me to buy and play the game? Amazing art? Wicked words on the page? Awesome layout that makes not awesome art or writing better? I want to feel alive and energized and I don't think there's a single answer to your question. =]

John Griffiths

RPGs with no setting are sandbox/toolkits. Very useful IMO.

Tiffany Gray 

oh btw I do agree setting matters in my book. I would not have SW for example if they hadn't done Lankmare or Traveller 5 if the Imperium wasnt around. Settings and modules etc are were the money is at. Splatbooks are good but D1-3 was the best ever introduction to Drow elves. HotOE and other large campaign settings made COC.

Owen Wylde 

Rule sets: Clarity of the writing, consistency of the rules, no recursion or logical loops (not loopholes), simple enough that a non gamer can get the general idea of how things go, yet with enough detail to allow GM and players to do what they expect in a setting. Playing: Everyone at the table has fun and is/was satisfied with how things go/went.

Matt Miller 

It's a balance between the RPG you want to play, and an RPG other people are willing to play. A good base mechanic is pretty critical. There are a million D20 games out there for a reason--the SRD makes it easy to make a game. I recall being unimpressed with both Deadlands and 7th sea in that regard--the abilities and skills were a little unbalanced.

Checks, bonuses and probabilities

Keith J Davies 

FWIW, in Echelon attacks are contested rolls as well. Same number of successes = both hit (and both take damage). Otherwise, if I have more successes than you then I hurt you (and hurt you _more_; each success after a tie adds more damage), and vice-versa. 

But there are also complications. If you roll 3 successes and 1 complication, and I roll 3 successes and 0 complications, you get to pick: tie (and both cause damage) and suffer a complication, or pay off the complication and take more damage (because I rolled more successes now than you did). 

The active character does get to decide if there will be an exchange of attacks. If you attack me, it's on. As the target I could choose to ignore this (passive defense only), but that seems like an uncommon case so I largely ignore it. If I'm better at fighting than you are, or luckier, it might be that you end up getting hurt too (or even instead!).
Most games, you attack me and I have no recourse or decision at all. You decided to attack, I decide to... nothing. I get hurt or not entirely at the whim of you and the dice gods. 

The mutual attack thing has some rather interesting characteristics. I ran models that suggest that it does a lot to balance out the action economy. Being outnumbered is still bad, but it's a much more even fight than in most games. In fact, I appear to have hit a sweet spot in the design. Even with four levels difference (i.e. exactly one tier higher), beng outnumbered is bad. The higher-level fighter has better rolls and slightly more hit points, but the sheer number of attacks makes things more even. The more skilled fighter is likely to get more successful (tied or better) attacks than any one of the lesser fighters, but they get spread among all the lesser fighters, while the lesser fighters' attacks are concentrated on one. 

I forget if the approximate balance point is 2:1 or 4:1 (I think it was 2-3:1, to be honest). I know that 8:1 is very very bad, don't let that happen.

Matt Miller 

I also like the d20 'explode' rule, where 20 hits and 1 misses, better; there is always a chance of success or failure, regardless of other conditions. Opposed rolls (d20 vs. d20 or 3d6 vs. 3d6) are analogous to 2d6, where the resulting roll is very much a bell curve. 3d6 vs. 3d6 creates a very strong, very regular bell curve, where the difference in medians is decisive a very large 

Dan Felder Skill checks are one of those things that I feel like were reasonably solved a while ago. While it may be possible to improve them, I feel like the effort it takes compared to the tiny amount of improvement it provides is not worth it. Unless you are altering your skill check system thematically for a specific game design goal of course, but even then it seems iffy.

Rob Hicks Summary: die mechanisms that favor median rolls, (2d6, etc,) don't do well if you are using opposed checks combined with bonuses, because it so heavily favors the higher bonus. Underdogs will almost always lose, even with only a slight numeric disadvantage.

Keith J Davies unless, of course, that's the behavior you want. I can easily imagine a tiered system[1] where you have a 'tier bonus' that shifts your entire roll, simply because higher-tier _is better_.

[1] level 1-4 = tier 1, level 5-8 = tier 2, etc.

In a D&D-esque system you might then have "rolls are 3d6. You get +1 per tier, and your 'class skill' (fighter is combat, wizard is casting, rogue is skill) gets +1 more" [no, I wouldn't use these numbers, but they're good for discussion]

Fighter _always_ has an advantage over everyone else at the same tier in combat, and can fight evenly with a non-fighter above his tier... which means a non-fighter above his tier is no worse than he is. The higher-tier fighter will still have advantage over him. This might be exactly how you want the system to behave. I wouldn't say these systems "don't do well", I might say "have characteristics that must be understood".

Rob Hicks Dan Felder Still worth looking at this stuff, because tinkering is fun. Also, the d20 system isn't "solved" by any stretch. It still has some serious drawbacks that aren't answered by other prominent systems.

Like · Reply · October 1, 2015 at 9:39am

Dan Felder Tinkering is always fun. But note "reasonably solved". As in we know the benefits of various skill check systems and have solid enough options, to the point that putting in added effort has a significant opportunity cost compared to working on other aspects of design. smile emoticon

Like · Reply · October 1, 2015 at 9:41am

Matt Miller "d20 is too random"...which could reasonably be solved by moving to a d12 or d10, and simply adjusting numbers. ...but that would actually make it more random, as the high and low automatic hit or miss would be much more common.

Rob Hicks 
Which is not a bad thing. I like d12s. It occurs to me, that you could get interesting results from a d12 if you did 1's as an automatic miss, 10's as automatic hits, 11's as a crit, and 12's as a double-crit. Make the rest of the game built around 1-10 as standard results. "Turning the speakers up to 11," as a parallel. It would make hits more common, and crits much more common than a d20 system, but that is more interesting, isn't it?

Dan Felder 
Seems like it'd just make things more complex. If you want variety in your system, something akin to FFG's Narrative Dice system in their star wars RPG is a good place to start.

Matt Miller 
No good. Makes 10-11-12 into hits, so you automatically hit 25% of the time, even against impossible enemies. Higher hit rates need balanced with either lower damage or higher HP. To be sufficiently variable to be interesting, damage can only go so low (1d4?), and lower HP makes for easier mental math.

Paul Goldstone 
I think players like Bonuses - so the greater the deviance - the more bonuses you can give. It's been shown several times a +1 on 2d6 is worth more than in D20, when you look at +2 through to +5 the difference is startling.Many games reward players with bonus gear in some tangible form, from the classic magic sword to the self aiming blaster. When looking at the system some thought should be given to what rewards the game will give especially deep into a campaign as well as end game one-shot adventures with powerful pre-gens.  If the roll effectively becomes a given, and therefore trivial at the top power end, then player/gm enjoyment will suffer. Furthermore is disparate parties where either due to power level, stats, gear if one player is tougher than the other players game balance can be skewed significantly which could lead to power creep, as the encounters have to become much harder to compensate for the tougher/luckier players. Thematically you could look at players choosing what they roll, ie, d20 or 3d6 in a game, maybe based on skills, talents etc.  The choice means against a particular tough opponent, highly dramatic situations the players could choose the d20 - needing the higher numbers. In non dramatic situations, they could choose the 3d6 looking for more likely success.

Matt Miller

When we made Mayhem, one the design principles was directly opposed to providing more bonuses.I think there are 13 different compatible bonuses to hit in DnD 3.5 We called it the "Christmas Tree" effect, with character liberally strung with magical ornaments. Rob Hicks DM'd a long DnD 3.5 campaign where the characters managed to acquire...every single bonus possible.

But what happens is that you cease having a 'character', and start having a 'toon'. You no longer have an avatar of yourself, but rather a 'vehicle' whose stats you have optimized. Letting players choose 3d6 or d20 seems like an interesting mechanic, but I don't think it actually adds much. The more mathematically talented would quickly know which represented the better alternative...ie, anytime your target number is over 10, roll the d20.

Dice Mechanics

Linear Distribution (Single dice, or unrelated sequential dice)

D20/D30/D%/Polyhedral 

1. Polyhedra: Uses d4-d12, and sometimes d20, more rarely d14, d16, d18. 
2. True20 : D20 used for all rolls Ex: True 20
3. D20 & polyhedra: D20 used to check successes, other dice use for success magnitude (most D20)
4. Roll+X: Any of the above, but add a fixed number to the roll.
5. Criticals: As above, but 1 is always a failure, a 20 is always a success. Ex: DnD 4e
6. D100: Use two D10 to determine a percent score. Ex: GURPS

NON-LINEAR (Dice-sum, dice-pool, and 'fat tails')

DICE-SUM (Normal Distribution)

1. xDx: Roll between 2-5 dice, sum the result. D6 and D10 are by far the most common.
2. xDx+x: As above, but add a fixed number to the roll. Ex: Green Ronin AGE system.
3. xDx+Dx: As above, but add a non-standard die to the roll. Ex: Monsters & Magic uses Roll+dX, with the base roll being 3d6. 
4. xDx&Dx: Sum a pool of dice to determine success or failure, and then roll a second die to determine the degree of success or failure. Ex: Chivalry and Sorcery. 
5. FUDGE: Roll 4d6, sum after using the conversion that 1-2=-1, 3-4=0, 5-6 = 1. ( FUDGE dice are almost necessary)
6. Attributes: Roll 2d6 or 3d6: The median value counts as a zero. The next great value (or pair of greater values for 3d6) counts as a +1, so that that the range is -5 to +5.
7. Flux: Two different colour dice (D6) are rolled, one positive, one negative - the lowest value is taken or if the same =0. Yields results -5 to +5. Ex: Traveler 5
8. Opposed Rolls: Rather than a fixed DC, defense is also rolled, and subtracted from the attack roll to determine success. Ties may be treated as partial successes. Ex: Mayhem

DICEPOOL (Binomial or Negative Binomial Distribution)

1. Success: Roll a number of dice; a die that rolls a certain number or greater counts as a success. D6 and D10 are most common. Typically between half and one third of numbers count as a success. 
1. Count: As per 'Success', but the count of successes matter.
2. Exploding dice: A dice-sum system where the highest value of die triggers the addition of another die of the same type: ie, rolling a 6 on a d6 means another d6 is rolled. 
3. Failure: Every natural 1 has negative consequences.
4. Mixed Pool: A dicepool that contains a variety of different dice.
2. Keep: Roll a number of dice, keep the one with the highest value, treating that as the outcome of the roll.
1. Keep Two: As per Keep, but keep the two highest dice and sum them. 
2. Keep+Count: Take the highest value from a pool, add +1 for other 'success'
3. Keep+Match: Take the highest value from a pool, add +1 for every dice also equal to that value. Ex: Heavy Gear, Pod 9.
4. Wild Dice: Roll two polyhedral dice, one default, one defined by a skill or attribute, and take the higher. Ex: Savage Worlds. 
1. Advantage: Roll 2d20, take the better or the worse. Ex: DnD 5e

ERRATIC DISTRIBUTIONS

1. STEP/RANK: At each rank, the dice rolled changes so as to represent an improvement in the median roll. Ie 1d10->1d12->2d6->d8+d6. Ex: Earthdawn.
2. One Roll Engine (ORE): A dicepool system where values in the pool are grouped into sets; the value is called the 'height', the number in the set is called the 'width'.

"ORE (One Roll Engine) you roll a pool of 2-9 D10 and count matches. The number of matching dice is the width of the roll, and the number of the match is the height. A hard die is always 10, and a wiggle die have any number decided after the dice are rolled. For damage rolls, the width determines amount of damage, and the height determines hit locations. For most generic actions the width is the speed of the action and the height the quality. It is possible to get multiple matches in a single roll, which is how doing multiple actions in one round is handled. " - Jesper Anderson

TN & DC Alternates (Target Numbers, Difficulty Classes)

1. Roll Under: Roll under a fixed attribute, so that low roles are good, bonuses as negative numbers. EX: Advanced Dungeons and Dragons ('Whitebox', 2E) 
2. DC+X: Roll over a fixed attribute, so bonuses are positive numbers. Ex: DnD 3E, 3.5,4, 
3. Margin Triggers: A linear system where beating a DC by a certain number generates an additional effect, often a damage 'critical'. (Mayhem)
4. Risks/Raises: Before rolling, players may reduce their dice pool to obtain additional effects on a successful outcome.
5. TC based on the sum of several attributes

OUTCOMES
With a linear distribution, outcomes are fully random within a certain range; above that range, failure is inevitable. Below that range, success is inevitable. Dice-sum systems generate consistent bell-curves of which the median, minima and maxima are known. Estimating chances of success on a role is more difficult. Reference tables are necessary.  The effect of a +1 bonus is non-linear, but tends to 'auto-balance', as the value of a +1 is greater to the underdog. Dicepool systems where success is binary follow a binomial distribution. Systems that count successes follow a negative binomial distribution. Failure is always possible, although statistically unlikely. Including additional negative effects for 'natural 1;s' can be used to make failure more painful, or more common. Reference tables to estimate success are necessary. With large pools of dice, failures are rare, and large pools may (rarely) generate an awesomely large count of successes.

NOTABLE SYSTEMS

 Travis Casey

The horror RPG "Don't Look Back" uses this: Base roll is 3d6. If you have a bonus, you roll additional d6 equal to the bonus value to your roll, but only take the best three. If you have a penalty, roll additional d6 equal to the penalty value and take the worst three. Bonuses and penalties add together - e.g., a +2 bonus and -3 penalty become a -1 penalty.  Action value is the name for the degree of success. If i succeed by 5 i have a +5 action value. If i fail by 3 i have a -3 action value. In an opposed test, those with the highest positive action value win the contest.

Also note that the "d20/polyhedra" system you have there is used with many other games that don't use a d20 as the basic roll. A lot of old systems use a separate "damage die" in combat. A similar concept is also seen in 3rd edition Chivalry & Sorcery: you roll 2d10 to determine success/failure, and an additional d10 of a different color, which determines degree of success/failure. Green Ronin's "AGE" system uses 3d6, one of which is a different color. All three are added together, along with an attribute bonus, but one of the three is special and generates "stunt points" that can be used if you succeed.